Mahatma Gandhi Work in South Africa

 

Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa

Mahatma Gandhi arrived in South Africa in 1893 as a young lawyer and spent 21 years advocating for

the rights of Indians facing racial discrimination. His experiences, including being ejected from a

"whites-only" train compartment, sparked his commitment to fighting injustice through nonviolent

resistance, known as Satyagraha.

Gandhi founded the Natal Indian Congress (NIC) in 1894 and published the newspaper Indian Opinion

to raise awareness about the plight of Indians. His campaigns laid the groundwork for future civil rights

movements and profoundly influenced India's struggle for independence, establishing him as a

leader in the fight against oppression.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

 

Island Groups

There are 1,256 islands in the Indian Territory. They are mainly categorized under two

groups i.e. Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Along with that there are many islands in the

Ganga-Sagar and Mahanadi delta.

There are around 572 islands in the Bay of Bengal in which human habitation is found

only in 36 islands. These islands are located between 6045'-140N latitude and 920- 940 E

longitude.

The two principal groups of islands are Ritchie's Archipelago and the Labyrinth Island.

The islands of the Bay of Bengal reflect the land characteristics of the submerged tertiary

mountain ranges. Arakan Yoma is an example of remains of submerged highlands.

 

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Andaman and Nicobar islands are located in Bay of Bengal near the Myanmar coast. The

prominent ranges of this island are Saddle peak (North Andaman — 732 m), Mount

Diavalo (Middle Andaman — 515 m), Mount Koyob (South Andaman — 460 m) and

Mount Thullier (Great Nicobar — 642 m).

Cause and Course of World War 2 (Part 1)

The necessary but insufficient factors include:

1. Treaties such as the Versailles Treaty and the Munich Agreement, which either caused resentment among European countries or tried to unsuccessfully appease the aggressive powers.

2. The failure of the League of Nations and the concept of 'Collective Security'.

3. The global economic crisis spurred by the Great Depression in America, as it led to the rise of Hitler and other Fascist powers.

The factors which proved to be the precipitating causes for the war included -

Hitler's Role:

• He attached Poland on all fronts, rather than just capturing the Polish corridor and Danzig, which were parts of his demands to Poland (Treaty of Versailles). Hitler wanted to destroy Russia and use its territory for his Lebensraum or 'Living Space for the Germans'. He thought that Poland and Russia being weak, would be quickly defeated through the German Blitzkrieg i.e., a swift and violent military offensive with intensive aerial bombardment.

• Hitler went ahead with occupation of the Czechoslovakia (minus Sudetenland) in 1939 only because there existed an opportunity in form of poor law and order situation due to demand for semi-independence by Slovakia.

 

Biography of bhimrao ambedkar

 

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (born April 14, 1891, Mhow, India—died

December 6, 1956, New Delhi) was an Indian political leader who played a

pivotal role in drafting the Constitution of India. As a social reformer, he

championed the rights of the Dalits (Scheduled Castes; formerly called

untouchables) and was instrumental in the constitutional abolition of the

discriminatory practice of "untouchability." For his role in drafting India's

supreme legal document, Ambedkar is popularly referred to as the "Father of the

Indian Constitution." He served as the first law minister of the government of

India (1947—51). In his later life he rejected Hinduism and converted to

Buddhism.

History of India

 

Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago. The earliest known human remains in South Asia date to 30,000 years ago. Sedentariness began in South Asia around 7000 BCE; by 4500 BCE, settled life had spread, and gradually evolved into the Indus Valley Civilisation, one of three early cradles of civilisation in the Old which flourished between 250BCE and 1900 BCE in present-day Pakistan and north-western India. Early in the second millennium BCE, persistent drought caused the population of the Indus Valley to scatter from large urban centres to villages. Indo-Aryan tribes moved into the Punjab from Central Asia in several waves of migration. The Vedic Period of the Vedic people in northern India (1500—500 BCE) was marked by the composition of their extensive collections of hymns (Vedas). The social structure was loosely stratified via the varna system, incorporated into the highly evolved present-day Jäti system. The pastoral and nomadic Indo-Aryans spread from the Punjab into the Gangetic plain. Around 600 BCE, a new, interregional culture arose; then,small chieftaincies (janapadas) were consolidated into larger states (mahajanapadas). Second urbanization took place, which came with the rise of new ascetic movements and religious concepts, including the rise of Jainism and Buddhism. The latter was synthesized with the preexisting religious cultures of the subcontinent, giving rise to Hinduism.

Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, however learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.

Formal education is commonly divided formally into such stages as preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university, or apprenticeship.

A right to education has been recognized by some governments and the United Nations.In most regions, education is compulsory up to a certain age.Education began in prehistory, as adults trained the young in the knowledge and skills deemed necessary in their society. In pre-literate societies, this was achieved orally and through imitation. Story-telling passed knowledge, values, and skills from one generation to the next. As cultures began to extend their knowledge beyond skills that could be readily learned through imitation, formal education developed. Schools existed in Egypt at the time of the Middle Kingdom.

Matteo Ricci (left) and Xu Guangqi (right) in the Chinese edition of Euclid's Elements published in 1607

Plato founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in Europe. The city of Alexandria in Egypt, established in 330 BCE, became the successor to Athens as the intellectual cradle of Ancient Greece. There, the great Library of Alexandria was built in the 3rd century BCE. European civilizations suffered a collapse of literacy and organization following the fall of Rome in CE 476.

In China, Confucius (551–479 BCE), of the State of Lu, was the country's most influential ancient philosopher, whose educational outlook continues to influence the societies of China and neighbours like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Confucius gathered disciples and searched in vain for a ruler who would adopt his ideals for good governance, but his Analects were written down by followers and have continued to influence education in East Asia into the modern era.